Soap bubble lesions in the brain are associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection Soap bubble lesions in the brain consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans infection ( source). PMID: 2461118 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697 (88)90152-2 Abstract India ink was found to be an acceptable stain for proteins blotted or dotted onto positively charged nylon or hydrophobic membranes. Often occurs in immunocompromised individuals: Infection with this pathogen is heavily associated with AIDS infection (CD4 count < 100 cells/mm3), those with hematological malignancy, and those on high dose steroid therapy. It belongs to the class of drugs of azoles. It is used with amphotericin B to treat infection with Cryptococcus neoformans.įluconazoleis often used in AIDS patients with more mild Cryptococcus neoformans infections. This agent is used to treat infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (especially in the case of cryptococcal meningitis).įlucytosineis an agent that converts inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis.
Hematogenous spread to meninges CONDITIONS CAUSEDĭermatological: Wound/cutaneous cryptococcosis TREATMENTĪmphotericin Bis an antifungal agent that binds ergosterol (which is unique to fungus) and forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes. Therefore, the unstained cells are easily discernible against the colored background. The acidic stain, with its negatively charged chromogen, will not penetrate the cells because of the negative charge on the surface of bacteria. Inhalation of spores from the environment (distribution is worldwide in the soil, also found in pigeon droppings). Negative staining requires the use of an acidic stain such as India ink or nigrosin. Using a flickered loop the sterile technique, remove some Klebsiella pneumoniae from culture tube or plate and mix it into the drop of India ink. Urease positive: this pathogen produces urease. Capsule staining for India ink method (at 1000x magnification) Place a single drip of India ink up a clean microscopy chart, adjacent to the milk edge. Polysaccharide capsular antigen can be detected in the lab using a latex agglutination test.MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICSĬapsule:this fungi has a thick outer capsule composed of polysaccharides. India ink stain of Cryptococcus neoformans ( source) CULTURE CHARACTERISTICSĬultured on Sabouraud agar. Mucicarmine can also be used to stain the capsule of the fungi red. The tests are time sensitive and studies have shown the India ink to be 86, gram stain 89, and cell count 90 positive in patients co-infected with HIV. Cryptococcus neoformansis a yeast fungus that can be visualized with an India ink stain due to its thick capsule (which prevents the fungi itself from being stained).
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